Gastrointestinal diseases encompass a broad spectrum of conditions affecting the digestive system, including the esophagus, stomach, intestines, liver, and pancreas. These conditions range from common ailments like acid reflux and irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) to more serious illnesses such as inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) and liver cirrhosis. Research in gastroenterology focuses on understanding disease mechanisms, improving diagnostic techniques, and developing more effective treatments to alleviate symptoms and improve outcomes for patients with gastrointestinal disorders.